Alexander Wang
Vivax malaria, caused by the Plasmodium vivax parasite, presents unique challenges due to its ability to form dormant liver stages, leading to
recurrent infections weeks or even months after the initial mosquito bite. This article reviews recent advancements in vivax malaria treatment
strategies, focusing on innovations targeting both the acute blood-stage infection and the dormant liver stages. Artemisinin-based Combination
Therapies (ACTs) remain effective against the blood-stage infection, although emerging drug resistance poses a threat. Primaquine is essential
for eliminating hypnozoites, but its use is complicated by the risk of hemolysis in individuals with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency.
Recent innovations in G6PD deficiency testing have improved safety, while alternative therapies are being explored. Advancements in treatment
delivery, such as point-of-care diagnostics and mobile health technologies, enhance access, particularly in remote settings. Challenges persist,
including limited healthcare access, drug resistance, and the complex biology of P. vivax. Continued innovation and collaboration are essential to
overcome these challenges and improve treatment outcomes, ultimately advancing towards malaria elimination.
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