Joseph M. Patrick* and Anna Brine
The dopamine, norepinephrine, -endorphin, serotonin, and oxytocin systems, as well as the mesocortical and mesolimbic dopamine, norepinephrine, -endorphin, serotonin, and oxytocin systems, have all been linked to post-traumatic stress disorder. The interaction between these various systems, on the other hand, is largely unknown, and a widely recognised unified theory has yet to emerge. Galanergic suppression of dopaminergic neurons in the ventral tegmental may be the missing link in a post-traumatic feedback loop, according to this review.
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