जर्नल ऑफ डर्मेटोलॉजी एंड डर्मेटोलॉजिकल डिजीज

Background: COVID-19 is the infectious disease caused by a novel coronavirus which was first identified in Wuhan city, China. It is hypothesized that the virus has
originated in a large animal and seafood market and then spread from person to person. Symptoms range in severity from asymptomatic/mild to severe illness and
mortality with fever and cough being the most common clinical findings. Some cases of cutaneous manifestations have been reported which were mostly nonspecific.
However, it is important to be aware of those manifestations to avoid missing COVID-19 cases.
Objectives: Explaining the cutaneous manifestations associated with COVID-19 and finding their possible clinical correlation.
Methods: databases including google scholar and PubMed have been searched for any case reports and researches regarding skin manifestations associated with
COVID-19 with no language restrictions. One retrospective study was excluded as only 12% of the sample size were tested for SARS-COV2 (33/277).
Results: eleven published articles were found including 2 perspective studies, 1 retrospective study, 1 cross sectional, 1 case series, and 10 case reports with various
skin manifestations of COVID-19 ranging from nonspecific generalized exanthem to acro-ischemia; one study demonstrated a specific varicella like lesions.
Conclusion: Being aware of what dermatological signs might be caused by COVID-19 could potentially prevent misdiagnosis. However, this is currently limited as further
studies are needed to better understand how specific those changes are. Taking pictures, biopsy, and a detailed description of the diagnosed cases would definitely be of
a great importance.

Coronavirus is a zoonotic RNA virus that cause respiratory infection, from the Coronaviridae family. They were first isolated in 1937 and designated coronaviruses,
because they have a crown-like appearance under microscopy. The clinical spectrum of this disease is quite broad, ranging from a cold to severe pneumonia. Usually,
patients develop signs and symptoms such as fever and respiratory illness. As it is a systemic disease, it is also related to the skin. Some clinical manifestations have
been described, such as petechiae rash, urticaria, livedo reticular. In this article we have the objective to explain more about this clinical scenario.

Cosmetic skin lightening involves the intentional use of skin lightening agents solely for aesthetic purposes. This study investigated the practice of cosmetic skin lightening among African immigrants in Western Australia (WA). The result showed that there is need for further research to determine prevalence of cosmetic skin lightening practice among African immigrants in Australia and the spectrum of health effects associated with the practice. Public health information is required for both health care professionals and consumers and cosmetic skin lightening products available needs to be tested for toxicity.

Bullous Pemphigoid is the large fluid filled blistering rare skin disease. This occurs when our immune system attacks the thin layer of inner tissue of outer layer of skin. Exact reason for the abnormal immune response is unknown, but this can be triggered by certain drugs like Phenacetin, Captopril, Ibuprofen, Penicillamine, etc. A 42 years old male patient of known diabetic mellitus joined in inpatient department of the hospital with chief complaints of itching, fluid filled blisters since 1 week over chest and lower limbs and scalp and gradually progressed to upper limb and face. On examination of past history, two months back he admitted in hospital with same complaints. He was treated with Corticosteroids, anti-histamine, vitamin supplement and antibiotics. Metformin is widely used as first line agent for treatment of type-2 diabetes mellitus. Drug induced Bullous Pemphigoid has been associated with many drugs, but Metformin is not one among them. Here we a report a case on Metformin induced recurrent attack of Bullous Pemphigoid.

Cutaneous B-cell lymphomas are a malignant proliferation of lymphocytes of the B-cell type. Mutation occurring at different points in B cell development leads to different forms of lymphoma. Rarely, it presents as verrucous plaques or widespread garland-like lesions. They are typically red to bluish. They are mainly found on one or both legs but it affects other sites in 10–15%. It represents an aggressive subtype of PCBCL. Primary cutaneous diffuse large B-cell lymphomas of leg type are rare, occur mainly in very old women, preferentially localize in the lower limbs and in 10 to 15% of cases, they are localized in another part from the body. We describe a case in a 66 year old man with an atypical localization in the left shoulder.