अरेबियन जर्नल ऑफ बिजनेस एंड मैनेजमेंट रिव्यू

Creating an even economic development at both urban and rural communities has been part of developmental agendas for many decades in Nigeria. These imbalances between rural and urban development have resulted to high rate of unemployment and inability of the rural dwellers to meet their basic needs. Ultimately, this has resulted to high poverty rate among the rural communities. This study attempts to investigate how capacity building and supportive infrastructural network could enhance rural entrepreneurial development, thereby reducing high rate of poverty in Nigeria. A survey of 205 self-administered questionnaires was undertaking across three (3) selected Local Government areas in Kwara state, Nigeria. A total of 148 copies were correctly filled, returned and analyzed using simple percentage, t-test and multiple regression analyses. From the result of findings, it is revealed that various government supports contribute significantly to rural entrepreneurial development in the study area. It is further revealed that certain striking challenges impede rural entrepreneurial development among which are poor infrastructure, low access to finance, low population and poor policy support. Consequently, the study recommends a conscious effort by the government through the National Directorate of Employment (NDE) and Small and Medium Enterprise Development Agency of Nigeria to provide more entrepreneurial capacity building programmes and other incentives to the rural entrepreneurs. More so, government should focus on integrated rural development programmes through collaboration with international development organizations such as United Nations International Development Organization (UNIDO), United State Agency for International Development (USAID) among others.

This research shows marketing factors such as business competitors could affect business market risk, from a quantitative point of view. Using a two (2) factors model, this research paper estimates the impacts of not only the size of firms’ competitors, but also leverage in the hardware industry, on the market risk of 22 listed companies in this category. This paper founds out that the risk dispersion level in this sample study could be minimized in case the competitor size remaining as current (measured by equity beta var of 0,067) and leverage down to 20%. Beside, the emprical research findings show us that when financial leverage increases up to 30%, max asset beta value decreases from 1,069 to 1,033 in case the size of competitor doubles. Last but not least, this paper illustrates calculated results that might give proper recommendations to relevant governments and institutions in re-evaluating their policies during and after the financial crisis 2007-2011.

This paper highlights a new articulation between the physical fundamentals of the oil market, the traditional financial factors and the emergence of recent financial fundamentals to explain WTI crude oil price volatility over the period 1995 M1 and 2013 M12. A first vector error correction model (VECM) identifies a co - integration relationship between WTI spot price, the import and inventory of crude oil in the United States, the dollar index and the 5-year US interest rate. A second model with the introduction of the future prices at two months and kcfsi index. The result of our work shows a low correlation of import and inventory of crude oil in the United States with respect to short-term oil prices. But in contrast to a strong long-term correlation. The introduction of speculation and KCFSI index affects the oil price dynamics in the long and short-term. The two traditional financial factors (dollar index and the 5-year US interest rate) are found to be weakly exogenous in the long run.

The major objective of this study is to inspect the differences in the effect of derivatives on the stability between banks from emerging countries and those from recently developed countries. According to the repercussions of the recent financial crisis, we divide the whole period on normal period “the pre-crisis period”, 2003-2006 and turbulent period “the crisis and post crisis period”, 2007-2011. We use the Generalized Methods of Moments (GMM) estimator technique developed by Blundell and Bond to estimate our regressions. Our main conclusions show that, in general, using derivatives by banks from emerging countries deteriorates their stability especially during the turbulent period, whereas, using derivatives do not weaken the stability of banks from recently developed countries. We deduce that banks from emerging countries are more destabilized by using derivatives than banks from recently developed countries.

Risk and return relationship is an important component of investment in decision making. Though studies have examined the nature of a risk and return relationship, the investor always like to invest in a combination of funds that provides the higher return and has lowest risk; and it is very necessary to create a portfolio which meet the investor’s goals and objective. The investor tries to attain maximum return with minimum risk. There are some investors who are active. They do their own research and understand the factors which may affect their investments in future. On the other hand there are some investors who are apprehensive and take action only when they see tangible merits on the change. As financial markets become more sophisticated and complex, investors need a financial intermediary which can provide the required knowledge and professional expertise for successful investing. The objective of an individual or organization is to meet the needs of the investors, thus maximize the returns and minimizing risk through effective diversification.

The rate at which employees quit their jobs in an organization is in many ways indicative of either misunderstandings or availability of better opportunities. Public universities in Kenya have for a long time experienced several instances of exit by qualified teaching staff. With the ever increasing demand for university education in Kenya, public universities have been destabilized due to the lack of enough qualified teaching staff. Public universities still rely on the government to reward their staff. Reliance on the government for remunerating staff has led to a situation where employees are not paid well as their counterparts in the more developed societies. Many professors have therefore decamped to other countries in search of better pay, affecting the teaching needs of Kenyan universities. The problem of academic staff retention is a global one which affects both developing and industrialized countries. This study sort to find out whether rewards offered to teaching staff by public universities affected their retention in the university. Stratified random sampling was used to sample teaching staff from three public universities who gave responses that were analyzed to give the findings. Individual university administrators from each of the three universities provided information regarding employee policies and other issues that could not be captured from the teaching staff. A sample of 153 teaching staff was selected from a population of 1000 teaching staff to give responses. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used in data analysis where Statistical Package for Social Scientists (SPSS) version 19 was used to analyze the data. Conclusions and recommendations were made based on the analysis.

Quality perceptions of the customers play a vital role in not only determining the satisfaction obtained thus creating a repurchase intention but also confirming the initial purchase decision. For this reasons companies in various locations and industries strive to improve their quality levels. In this sense, total quality management (TQM) is found to be a very useful tool suggesting a continuous improvement in its core. Keeping these in mind, this study aims first to investigate the acceptance level of TQM in Northern Cyprus. Second aim is to measure the five components of TQM (leadership, strategic planning, human resource management, customer satisfaction, management of process quality, and benchmarking) to find out the perceptions of small and medium size organizations’ managers. To achieve this, all Small and Medium Size Enterprises (SMEs) in Northern Cyprus have been targeted for the data collection. Analysis of the results depicts an accurate picture of the current situation in Northern Cyprus as well as they revealed important managerial implications for managers in similar locations.

Under the increasing pressure to reduce carbon emission, the enterprises need to actively take account into carbon emission, and take low carbon action among daily business activities. This not only relate to the realization of carbon emission goal, but probably efficient solution to our country carbon emission targets. Applying to optimal theory under carbon-constrained, this paper comprehensively include economical cost and environment cost to construct random optimal decision-making model. Then using mat lab numerical analysis, this paper reveals the decision-making mechanism of enterprise ordering making under carbon cap constrained, and provides management implications and future research direction. The result indicates that: An enterprise can significantly reduce carbon emission without significantly increasing cost through adjusting ordering quantity. Enterprise’s carbon emissions show a certain correlation with order quantity when carbon emission cap is within the scope of threshold value, but optimal ordering decision-making has no correlation with carbon emission cap when cap is beyond the scope of threshold value. Caron emission cap is set voluntarily by an enterprise’s decision maker or put forward mandatorily by an external regulatory agency, and its setting should be reasonable and scientific.

Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) is considered as an engine of economic growth. Foreign investment was normally permitted only in high technology industries in priority areas and in export oriented areas. So the inflow of FDI before 1990’s was very low. During early 1990s India suffered from massive balance of payment and foreign exchange crisis, which led Indian Government to opt for liberalized economic policies in 1991. Globalization and liberalisation brings lots of new innovative products to the world, Foreign Direct Investment is the one among this, also there are number of different forms of FDI is available currently. Recently, Government of India allowed FDI in different sectors of Indian economy. Since the adoption of New Industrial Policy (NIP) and on-going reform process, (FDI) inflows have increased substantially. On this background, the paper analyses the sector wise and country wise inflows of FDI during the period 2009-2014. This paper begins by reviewing possible sources of FDI and then provides a comprehensive evaluation of the empirical evidence on sector wise FDI. This study is entirely based on secondary data. It also point out the sector-wise distribution of FDI inflow to know about which has concerned with the chief share. The present study is based on secondary data collected from different sources. The paper concludes that the Government should design the FDI policy in such a way where FDI inflows can be utilized as means of enhancing domestic production, savings and exports through the equitable distribution among states so that they can attract FDI inflows at their own level. As per the study, the sectors that attracted higher inflows were Communication services as per the CAGR and as per the share it is manufacture sector. The Luxernbourg was at highest FDI inflows as per the CAGR and as per the share it is from Mauritius.

The aim of this study is to provide a case study about corporate social responsibility. The examined case study is Gunes Sigorta’s MicroCredit Integrated MicroInsurance Project. Through this project, 67,756 low-income female entrepreneurs and their families were assured and insurance awareness in the target audience was increased with the indemnities. Considering the results, the interaction of the organization with its stakeholders and corporate reputation were affected positively.

Today, achieving the stable competitive advantage is one of the most important tools in the business world. To this aim, with creating and using the powerful brand equities, the firms have entered into different competitive fields. Perceive importance which lies on effect of selected marketing mix elements on Brand equity in current situations within competitive markets helps the decision makers to get more information on how to use selected marketing mix elements, and choose a mix of these elements which leads to increasing brand equity, and in the end leads to profitability, because from managerial perspective, brand equity proposes competitive advantage for the company. The paper aims to investigate the relationship between elements of marketing mix and brand equity.

The survival of any port administration is dependent on the relationship that exists between the ship owner and the port authority. To increase the productivity of the Nigerian Port Authority it is therefore imperative to adequately address the problem bedevilling the relationship between it and the ship owners. The qualitative-descriptive method of data analysis called variance ration test (F-test) was used to test for the null hypotheses. This was done by making comparison of the existence of significant difference between precision values of the period before and after the introduction of administrative model. Documentary data of outputs from operational statistics of the NPA before and after the introduction of the landlord administrative model was employed. The effect of this model on the relationship between them was measure quantitatively from the number of vessels entering the port and the overall throughput by the NPA. There was an estimated increment of 6.71% and 26.1% in the number of vessels and Gross Registered Tonnage(GRT) from the six Nigerian ports between 2009 when there was no model, and 2011 when there was administrative model in place, to cater for a cordial relationship and obligation of the ship owners to the NPA and vice versa. From the statistical test of hypothesis, it is apparent that the two null hypotheses (Ho1 and Ho2) are to be rejected. It is therefore concluded that an increase in the number of vessels is a corresponding improvement in the relationship between the two parties as the ship owner will not use the NPA if there is no cordial relationship between them.

The purpose of this study is to find out the difference between male and female Co-Worker trust in hospitality sector. The Questionnaire method has been used to collect data from two different hotels in Chandigarh region. Total sample size was 50 but at the time of editing we have taken 30 size and we applied independent T-test before applying t-test normality of data has been check out by two methods and the result reveals that all the values of sig 2- tailed was found greater than 0.05 except the statement “I am confident that I could share my work difficulties with my co-workers”. The p- value of this statement was (0.007). Hence h0 has been rejected with regard to this statement. Rest, similar gender-wise perception has been found regarding organizational trust.

Purpose: This study aims to examine and find out the influences of job satisfaction and organizational commitment on employee turnover intention in a production industry. In this study find out what are other factors to influence the employee satisfaction and turnover intention the determinants of employee turnover has been studied extensively. Design/methodology/approach: There are a total of 70 questionnaires collected from 90 questionnaires that had been distributed at the chosen organization. Demographic characteristics were discussed briefly according to the frequency level and percentage. Findings: In addition, both descriptive and inferential statistics were applied to analyze the data obtained. As for inferential statistics, Pearson Correlation Coefficient was used to measure the degree between independent variables with dependent variable in this research. Conclusion: The research findings showed that for the independent variable of job satisfaction with the factors on satisfaction with pay and supervisory support had a low and negative significant relationship on employee turnover intention. However, organizational commitment had no significant relationship towards turnover intention among the employees within the organization. Originality/value: By reviewing the different finding that the Employee satisfaction and Turnover intention. The contribution of this paper is to look at how to finding the effective solution. The influences of job satisfaction and organizational commitment on turnover intention. Study of paper: The study of this paper is exploratory is qualitative study of research.