Usha Adiga*, Nandit Banawalikar P, Sachidananda Adiga MN, Desy TM and Lakshmi Manjeera
Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a complication of pregnancy that is characterized by impaired carbohydrate tolerance as a result of insulin resistance. Objective was to find association between leptin gene with leptin levels, insulin resistance as well as lipid profile in GDM patients as compared to normal glucose tolerant pregnant women.
Method: In this cross-sectional study, 100 GDM patients and 100 gestational age and BMI-matched healthy pregnant women were included. Genotyping of leptin gene LEPG2548A (rs7799039) was performed by PCR-RFLP. Biochemical parameters were estimated. Various insulin resistance models were constructed using suitable homeostasis model assessment formulae. Chi-square test was used to investigate the associations, Mann Whitney U test to compare biochemical parameters, Spearman’s test for correlation studies was used s. Odd’s ratio was computed to study the extent of risk of leptin gene polymorphism in causing GDM. ‘p’ value <0.05 was regarded as statistically significant.
Results: No significant association was observed between leptin gene polymorphism and GDM, leptin levels and insulin resistance. Comparison of IR models among cases and controls showed a significantly low (p<0.0001) HOMA B cell and HOMA 1% B cell (insulin based) as well as significantly high (p<0.0001) HOMA B cell, HOMA 1% B cell (C peptide-based) in cases. It was also observed that C-peptide based insulin resistance models were significantly high (p<0.0001) in cases as compared to controls.
Conclusion: There is no significant association between LEPG2548A alleles with GDM, leptin levels and insulin resistance C–peptide based insulin resistance models were elevated in GDM patients.
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