Bekele Kindie
As study conducted biodiversity is vital for human wellbeing and its conservation is a critical issue at this time throughout the world. In fact, analysis of genetic diversity, identification of individual organisms, monitoring genetic integrity and characterization and evaluation of biological resources are initial requirements for biodiversity conservation and its management.
Genetic diversity is the variety of genetic information contained in all of the individual plants, animals and microorganisms within populations of species. Genetic diversity analysis is the most important to assess genetic variation among individuals and help us in determining what to conserve as well as where to conserve. Characterization is an activity of assessing genetic diversity within collections in the context of the total available genetic diversity for each species. Types of markers are Classical Marker Classification and Molecular markers. These markers are used in most biodiversity conservation activities such as identification and genetic diversity analysis, characterization of biological diversity and genetic integrity monitoring and illegal wildlife trafficking. Molecular markers are important for biodiversity conservation such as identification of organisms, genetic diversity study (analysis), characterization of diversity, genetic integrity monitoring for conserved seeds in gene-bank, and illegal wildlife trafficking. As concluding this study were discuss the principal application , classification, and types of molecular marker in biodiversity and the main molecular marker types such as AFLP, RFLP, RAPD and SSR are discussed as well as their specific application in biodiversity conservation and management such as genetic diversity analysis, and characterization of germplasm
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