लेजर, ऑप्टिक्स और फोटोनिक्स जर्नल

In nonlinear optics, a great deal of research has been done on two-dimensional materials like graphene, transition metal sulphides, and phosphorus. These two-dimensional materials are frequently used to create composites with other materials in order to investigate novel properties for potential applications. By changing the design and creation, the NLO properties of the composite is supposed to be modified or moved along. Semiconductor–graphene composites have been extensively studied to obtain excellent electronic, magnetic, optical, catalytic, and mechanical properties due to graphene's unique bandgap structure, which has many intriguing electrical and optical properties. Monolayer graphene is easily dispersed in aqueous solution and polar solvent, making it suitable for the construction of graphene-based composites.

Produce, control, and control laser light for different applications. Lasers are now used in a wide range of applications, including research, manufacturing, communications, entertainment, and medicine. Laser Photonics has reformed many fields and has opened up new roads for innovative work. Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation is the abbreviation for the term laser. Using a ruby crystal as a lasing medium, Theodore H. Maim invented the first laser. Since then, laser technology has grown rapidly, and lasers are now available in a variety of wavelengths, powers, and beam qualities. In this article, we will investigate the standards of laser photonics, its applications, and the eventual fate of laser innovation.

Statement of the problem: There is confusion between the classical experiment conditions and Special Relativity ones concerning Velocity– Sum. As to the classical experiment, the v-s is usually conducted through the moving space of the source or even in the free one. Whereas the experiment of (SR), needs only the moving space of the source for measuring Light velocity. But the known astronomical experiments, (whose results were reflected on “Constancy of Light Speed”), did not contain the scientific conditions of Special Relativity experiment. Therefore, the results of Relativity of Simultaneity Equations have been inconsistent with the physical laws.

Content: The experiment of the jet in 1971 verified the influence of Lorentz-Einstein (L-E) Factor for (Time – Dilation) on the atomic clocks, due to high electromagnetic energies that obstructed the movement of those clocks. From this point, if the scientists at the time had sent a light beam inside the same jet plane, that beam would have been subjected to the same (L-E) Factor of mass, length and time dilation. This sense is supported by the First Einstein’s Postulate which states that physical laws are the same in all different inertial frames. Here, his postulate does not except Light Speed - as a physical law - from the group of Length, Time Dilation in any inertial frames like jet plane. For this reason, the solutions of the simultaneous equations of Albert have not been consistent with the physical laws. According to this analysis, the researcher has reached the solutions of these Equations without any contradictions with the First Postulate or with the physical laws.

Conclusion: There is an error in the astronomical experiments for measuring v-s that were conducted in the free space of the cosmos that resulted in contradictions between Relativity of Simultaneity Equations and the physical laws. In this paper, the researcher could specify the faults of those experiments, and thereby he could find out the scientific solutions of the equations, and could conclude that Constancy of Light Speed in SR is fallacy.