कपड़ा विज्ञान और इंजीनियरिंग जर्नल

Natural dyes have been employed in dyeing Persian carpet piles for many years. In this study, the dried pistachio hulls were powdered and used for dyeing wool yarns. The Iranian wool yarn was first scoured with nonionic detergent and mordanted using some metal salts including Cu, Cr and Al. It was then dyed with different amounts of dried pistachio hull powder. Taguchi statistical method was employed to find the effective factors and results of the planned experiments, in order to optimize the dyeing factors. A L18 orthogonal array (seven factors in three levels) was employed to evaluate the effects of different parameters in dyeing process. The colorimetric properties of the dyed yarns were evaluated in CIELAB system. Pistachio hulls found to have good agronomic potential as a natural dye in Iran. Metal mordants when used in conjunction with pistachio hulls were found to enhance the dyeability and its fastness properties. The stepwise process of dyeing with pre-mordanting showed to be energy and time saving and found to achieve high dye retention. Therefore this natural dye has good scope in the commercial dyeing of wool yarns used as Persian carpet piles.

The role of cotton, wool and silk fibres in apparel segment of the textile industry has been robust in all these years. Cotton fibre has a dominant role in the apparel segment even though many alternative, regenerated cellulosics fibres are available. Besides cellulose, cotton fibre contains many constituents are systematically eliminated in the
fabric preparation process to facilitate dyeing and finishing. Preparatory processes assume the centre stage, in entire process sequence of fabrics due to high water, chemicals, energy requirements. Enzymes provide sustainable solutions, in operations that require more amounts of energy, at relatively low energy levels with meagre amount of auxiliaries. Reviews and reports have been frequently published to demonstrate the advantages of enzyme based processes in comparison with chemical treatments. Both bacterial and fungal sources suffice requirement of various enzymes used in textile applications.

This paper comparatively evaluated the effect of wet processes and heat setting on the shearing properties of treated and untreated griege Indeo™ Poly Lactic Acid (PLA) and Polyethylene Terepthalate (PET) knitted fabrics. The treated samples were subjected to wet processes including scouring, dyeing, alkaline reduction clearing and softening. The KES-FS was used in measuring shearing rigidity (G1.G2) gf/cm. degree, shear hysteresis at 5%, shear angle (2HG1, 2HG2) and shear angle at 5% (2HG51 and 2HG52) of treated and untreated knitted Ingeo™ Poly (lactic) acid and Polyethyleneterepthalate fabrics in warp (G1) and weft (G2) directions. PLA samples of dimension 200 mm×200 mm were subjected to heatsetting at temperatures of 130˚C respectively and increasing times of 15 s, 30 s, 45 s, 60 s, 90 s, 120 s and 240 s using the Werner Mathis infra-red heatsetting equipment. Results showed that for shear rigidity, the control untreated PET exhibited a higher property both before and after undergoing wet treatments and heatsetting treatment. But for 2HG1 and 2HG2 the untreated griege PET exhibited a higher 2HG1 and 2HG2. The reverse became the case after wet treatment and heatsetting where PLA increased in both properties with increasing time of heatsetting and wet processes. G-Shear Rigidity, gf/cm.degree indicated the ease with which the fibers slide against each other resulting in soft/pliable to stiff/rigid structures. Large hysteresis means greater recovery forces will be required to overcome fabric internal friction. Smaller values of 2HG5 indicates good comfort and softness. Too large values of 2HG5 indicates inelasticity and stiffness.

Aloe debrana plant grows in several regions in South Wollo, Ethiopia, and has been used mostly as some of traditional medicine, and to stop breastfeeding. The technical feasibility of using Aloe debrana gel as a new thickener for printing polyester and cotton with disperse dyes was examined in 2013. The results indicated that the properties of the printed fabric samples (colour strength, K/S, overall fastness properties) were dependent on gel concentration, as the fixation conditions using direct heating technique. The optimum conditions for printing polyester fiber with disperse dyes using Aloe debrana gel as a thickener were as follows: 30 g/kg disperse dye, 75 g/kg urea, 10 g/kg citric acid, 500 g/kg Aloe debrana thickener and other water drying at 100°C for 3 min followed by direct fixation for 6 min at 180°C. A natural preservative lemon juice has high potential to preserve the gel more than two months. The results showed that no significant difference between fresh gel and preserved gel.

Chronic Venous Insufficiency (CVI) in the lower limb is commonly associated with varicose veins. In Asian countries, demand has increased for Medical Elastic Compression Stockings (MECS) as conservative treatment for varicose veins and CVI; however, their efficacy requires further investigation. The legs of 726 Taiwanese participants were measured, and MECS were designed and manufactured accordingly. Manufacturing processes included “fixation of the elastic fiber,” “design of the fabric,” “application of techniques for high-pressure stockings,” and “application of techniques for configuration.” Further techniques used for the production of functional MECS included “elastic yarn composite techniques,” “incremental pressure fabric weaving,” and “pressure shaping of fabrics.” Parameters for the mechanical testing of MECS included size measurement, extensibility, practical elongation, compression, and residual pressure on corresponding points of the leg. Clinical assessments and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) analyses using noncontract-enhanced Magnetic Resonance Venous (MRV) techniques were also performed on 100 participants with varicose veins pre-and post-MECS use. The average circumferences and lengths of specific points of the lower legs of the 726 participants were smaller than U.S. measurements by approximately 12% to 19%. This suggested that Taiwanese - and possibly Asian - MECS should not be manufactured according to Western sizes. Subjective clinical questionnaire results included relief of symptoms of heaviness of the legs, spasticity in the evenings, and convulsion during sleep. According to MRV analyses, deep venous blood flow increased significantly (relief of high pressure), and available hemoglobin in the deep vein increased (reduced tissue hypoxia) post-MECS use. Our findings provide important reference material for the establishment of Taiwanese and Asian standards for MECS. Results from clinical and MRV analyses confirmed the efficacy of prolonged use of MECS, with results indicating that 4 h/d and 112 h of use is sufficient to improve deep venous insufficiency.

The light and color performances of deep-black-coloring of fabrics made of Non-Circular Cross-Section (NCCS) Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) fibers were investigated by means of GP, SEM and polarization imaging. The GP surface reflectance curves showed that the performance of single NCCS fibers were profoundly affected by the forces loaded under horizontal and vertical directions compared to its yarns. The unique surface characteristics of the NCCS PET fabrics indicated by its constituent fibers’ cross-sections and fabrics’ SEM images gave unpredictable effects on the light and color perceived on the deep-coloring effect of the fabrics. Polarization imaging results of black-dyed woven fabrics indicated that higher specular and chroma values affected the deep-coloring effect, and that the overlapping chroma curves means that there were insignificant differences among those black fabrics. Meanwhile the similar results for the knitted fabrics suggested that higher values of chroma means higher effect of deep-coloring compared to undyed/white samples with higher values of specular reflectance and shine. Subjective visual evaluation was carried out on the post-processed polarization images of the NCCS PET woven samples and was compared to the instrumental results. The results revealed that there was good consistency on deep-coloring perceived between the intensity images and average value of chroma while inconsistency occurred between the intensity images and the average value of intensity.

The functional finishing has becoming the most required need for textile materials. In this study an attempt has been made to impart the antimicrobial source on the Bamboo 100%, Tencel 100% and Bamboo/Tencel 50/50 fabrics. The three herbal oils of thyme oil, cypress oil and Grape fruit oil were screened separately with other oils for many functional properties. Selected these, three herbal oils were mixed with four combinations to ensure the best combination for antimicrobial efficacy. The finished fabrics are evaluated using such test methods (AATCC 147, AATCC100). The investigated result states that (2:1:1) ratio shows the best antimicrobial property in all the three fabrics. Among these fabrics Bamboo/Tencel 50:50 fabric shows the best result.