जर्नल ऑफ़ पीडियाट्रिक न्यूरोलॉजी एंड मेडिसिन

For newborns and kids with nervous system disorders, gene-targeted medicines are now a reality. Rapid scientific progress has produced therapies that can cure or even change illness. Unresolved issues, however, include the necessity for long-term surveillance, inequities in delivery and delays and gaps in diagnosis.

Parenting a child with neurodevelopmental impairment is linked to a lower quality of life, a higher risk of anxiety and depression and greater stress (NDD). Although there is research that suggests it may be challenging to raise NDD children in LMIC, little is known about the psychological hardship these parents go through, especially in rural areas. The goal of the study was to look at the psychological distress those rural Nepalese caregivers of NDD children go through. A team of skilled mental health professionals went and spoke with 63 carers in their homes. In this study, the General Health Questionnaire was utilised to evaluate psychological distress, perceived caregiver load, disability severity and demographic information.

In children with craniofacial problems, upper airway blockage can be treated using a variety of surgical and maxillofacial techniques. The nasopharyngeal prong is a straightforward concept that allows the airway blockage brought on by the tongue's posterior placement as a result of a small mandible to be swiftly and easily resolved without the need for more invasive surgical treatments.

Objective: To study the clinical profile and to assess the Functional Bladder Capacity by ultrasonography and uroflowmetry in children presenting with Primary Monosymptomatic Nocturnal Enuresis.

Methods: An observational study was carried out in children (aged 5 -15 years) presenting to Pediatrics OPD between November 2018 to February 2020 with PMNE. Detailed history using a Clinical Management Tool, clinical examination, UTI investigation, Ultrasonography of KUB done. Also, Urodynamic Studies done. A 48-hour bladder diary provided to measure intake of fluids and frequency/ volume of urine.

Results: 46 children with mean age of 9.61 years were included. Boys were more affected than girls. Significantly associated factors were younger age, families with low income, family history of bedwetting, 37 patients (80.4%) had low functional bladder capacity. In 21 out of 26 children in whom UDS done showed normal in 21 children and abnormal only in 5 children. A weak correlation noted between maximal voided volume by bladder diary and voided volumes by UDS and FBC by ultrasound respectively.

Conclusion: PMNE is a multi-etiological disorder results from the interaction of genetics, sleep and psychological disturbances. History taking and bladder diary are sufficient for diagnosis but ultrasound and uroflowmetry to be done where facilities are available since abnormal UDS can be seen in PMNE cases too and low FBC noted.