सर्जरी जर्नल

Patients who develop post-operative Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) have a poor prognosis, especially when undergoing high-risk surgery. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the outcome of patients with AKI acquired after non-cardiac surgery and the possible risk factors for this complication. A multicenter, prospective cohort study with patients admitted to Intensive Care Units (ICUs) after non-cardiac surgery was conducted to assess whether they developed AKI. The patients who developed AKI were then compared to
non-AKI patients.

According to the European Cancer Information System (ECIS) female breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed malignancy. More than 335,000 women in the European Union are considered to be diagnosed with breast cancer in 2020 which is 13.3% of all cancer diagnoses in both genders and 28.7% among the cancer diagnoses in women. The mortality rate is 7.3% being the third leading cause of cancer death for both genders after lung and colorectal cancer. Increased incidence rates are estimated in the Nordic countries. In the United States around 268,000 cases of invasive breast cancer and 48,100 cases of ductal carcinoma in situ were estimated to be diagnosed among US women in 2019 and 41,760 of them to die.

Introduction: Colorectal cancer the second most lethal malignancy widely considered a disease that affects people after the 4th decade of life but an interesting change in trend is observed and it was found that colorectal cancer rate has been increasing in young patients living under their 4th decade. These patients even present with more advanced diseases and generally have a poor overall prognosis compared to the older patients.

Materials and methods: Colorectal cancer patients presented in Sindh Institute of urology and transplantation’s Oncology center from January 2011 till December 2020 were reviewed retrospectively. For data analysis, all patients were divided into two groups, Group A young age population (age between 18-50 years) Group B old age population (age 51 years and onward).

Subgroup analysis of the study period (from January 2011 – December 2015 first period while from January 2016 – December 2020 second period) was performed to check the progressive change in the trend of stage and clinical characteristics of colorectal cancer in young and old patients. Details were reviewed from the patient’s files and all data was collected as per the Proforma requirement. Collected data was analyzed for results using SPSS version 23.0.

Results: Total of 612 patients with colorectal cancer presented between 2011 till 2020. Among these patients 243 (39.7%) presented between January 2011 till December 2015. Patients age 50 years and younger were 410 (66.8%).

Results showed a statistically significant association between patient age and tumor characteristics (histopathology and tumor differentiation). When data was analyzed over different study periods results showed that there is a statistically significant association between tumor differentiation and patient age. A change in the trend of clinical stage of the tumor with respect to patient age over this period of time was also noted.

Conclusion: The development and implementation of screening protocols and awareness programs will definitely have an impact to control disease incidence, patient prognosis, and survival outcome.