उद्यमिता एवं संगठन प्रबंधन

Philosophers, politicians, and scientists alike have long understood that knowledge and technological advancement play a significant, dynamic role in the wealth ofnations. Subsequently, a thirst for innovation is at the forefront of many political, societal, and philosophical agendas. Academic research has been identified as a primary source of innovationand prodigious funding has supported this commonly held belief. One of the most direct methods for translating academic innovation into economic growth is by commercializing academic research. This process, known as technology transfer and commercialization, has gained traction over recent years by researchers, institutions, and entrepreneurs due to increased exposure of academic commercialization successes. One study found that over a ten year period, the number of annual executed licenses and number of startups launched has doubled. Despite this growth in research licenses and academic grounded startups, there are still two hurdles that inhibit many would-be scientist-entrepreneurs from making the jump from the lab bench to the board room: a lack of resources, and a lack of knowledge of the process to make thejump. Developing methodologies that support scientist entrepreneurs and demolishing the stigma of technology transfer that still inhabits some pockets of academia is critical for the efficient dissemination of knowledge from the laboratory to society. This paper contributes to existing literature on technology transfer by distilling pertinent information regarding thebenefits of technology transfer and highlighting personal experiences to create a framework in which to approach technology commercialization. This framework, presented as roadmap to commercialization could be employed by academics as they embark on their own technology commercialization endeavor. Additionally, the framework could be useful for academic institutions interested in increasing their commercialization output by streamlining their technology commercialization process.

This qualitative study aimed to explore Saudi female leaders' experiences in leadership roles in Saudi higher education. Moreover, this study offers an opportunity for Saudi female leaders to talk about barriers and challenges they face in the leadership positions in Saudi higher education. The sample consisted of 5 Saudi women leaders working in Saudi universities. The result of this research shows how female’s desire for advancement is sparse resulting from internal factors created by the Saudi females themselves, that such decisions were conscious, and generated by external factors associated with their societies’ and organizational practices. Furthermore, some recommendations and implications for future research were discussed.