कैंसर विज्ञान एवं चिकित्सा

The most prevalent type of tumor is lung cancer, which has emerged as one of the most significant life-threatening factors. The surgical treatment of lung cancer is becoming increasingly sophisticated as a result of advancements in equipment and public awareness. Patients with varying goals and stages of lung cancer can benefit greatly from surgery as part of individualized treatment plans. Additionally, a paradigm shift in the approach to lung cancer surgical treatment has been brought about by the concept of minimally invasive, precise, and intelligent procedures. As a result, the focus of this review is on the history of lung cancer surgery, focusing on the transition from traditional surgery to TVassisted minimally invasive thoracic surgery. A comprehensive overview of the various surgical methods' operating procedures and treatment outcomes, as well as future plans for their optimization and enhancement, are included. Nanotechnology is increasingly being investigated for use in the surgical treatment of lung cancer, which is in line with the idea of minimally invasive surgical techniques. An efficient treatment option for cancer in the present day is the application of nanotechnology in the imaging of lung cancer and the combination of Nano medicine and surgery. As a result, the potential uses of nanotechnology before, during, and after lung cancer surgery are also outlined in this review.

A previous meta-analysis of the worldwide evidence found that menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) users were at an increased risk of breast cancer. However, little information was available about the effects of different MHT types or long-term risks after MHT use had stopped. Since then, a lot of new information has become available, including results from randomised trials which generally show greater risks of breast cancer with preparations containing both oestrogen and progestagen. MHT typically begins in women around menopause and can last for several years. In Western nations, breast cancer is the most prevalent disease at these ages; According to appendix of women are diagnosed. While regulatory bodies in Europe and the United States recommend that MHT be used for the shortest amount of time necessary, breast cancer some clinical guidelines suggested prescribing it with fewer restrictions.

Cutaneous myeloma, a rare clinical presentation of multiple myeloma, is usually associated with high burden of malignant cells and poor prognosis. Three cases who were diagnosed with multiple myeloma and exhibited cutaneous involvement with a wide range of clinical manifestations. We emphasize the morphologic and immunohistochemical patterns of this rare presentation. The use of new therapies associated double or triple regimens in the treatment of myeloma showed significant improvements in progression-free survival, but relapse with cutanea infiltration suggests a pattern of aggressiveness that is still unclear and generally refractory to conventional therapies. The pathophysiology and the findings and markers that might be associated with prognosis based on the review of recent literature.