जर्नल ऑफ़ साइटोलॉजी एंड हिस्टोलॉजी

Background: Mastery of cytodiagnosis of adnexal tumors is challenging by virtue of the enormous number of individual tumors and their variant forms, the complicated nomenclature and the frequency of differentiation along two or more adnexal lines in the same tumor. Aim: The present study is undertaken to assess the application of fine needle aspiration cytology in the diagnosis of eccrine skin adnexal tumors at all possible dermal and subcutaneous sites. Material and Methods: This is a retrospective study of fine needle aspiration cytology of subcutaneous swellings over a period of two years from January 2009 to December 2010 in a tertiary care center. A total of 2400 cases of dermal and subcutaneous swellings, for which fine needle aspiration cytology was done with histological follow up, were included in the study. The aspirates were provisionally diagnosed as basaloid neoplasms of skin adnexal origin. The aspirates were further grouped into benign and malignant lesions based on cell morphology and correlation between cytological and histological diagnoses was assessed. Results: Out of the 2400 cases of subcutaneous swellings, 20 cases were provisionally diagnosed as basaloid neoplasms of skin adnexal origin. They included 12 benign and 8 malignant lesions. The benign tumors were histologically diagnosed as spiradenomas(4 cases), nodular hidradenoma(4 cases), chondroid syringomas(2 cases), cylindroma(1 case) and papillary eccrine adenoma(1 case). The malignant tumors were histologically diagnosed as sweat gland adenocarcinoma(4 cases), mucinous carcinoma of sweat gland(1 case), digital papillary adenocarcinoma (2 cases) and cutatneous adenoid cystic carcinoma (1 case). Conclusions: Overall our study established that fine needle aspiration cytology is a very simple diagnostic investigation for neoplastic nodules in the skin.

Background: Cisplatin is well-known anticancer drug often been used for treatment of various human malignancies. The hepatotoxic or nephrotoxic effect of drug is a result of altered histological and antioxidant status of the organ. In order to document the extent of cisplatin (CDDP) effect on liver we have studied long term treatment of cisplatin (CDDP) to rat. In our previous studies we have demonstrated changes in reduced glutathione (GSH) and glutathione related enzymes of liver followed by increased lipid peroxidation process. Materials: Light microscopy (LM) was carried out in liver tissue by haematoxylin and eosin staining. Electron microscopy was performed by staining with uranil acetate and lead citrate. Results: Recent reports depicts that CDDP treatment caused significant alteration at histopathological level showing increased vacuolation in hepatocytes. A noticeable change observed after drug treatment is large perilobular connective and expanded portal spaces. Morphological alterations after transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed heterochromatic border in nucleus followed by prescence of large agglutinations of lysosomes, numerous rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) and mitochondria has been observed as one of the significant effect of drug. Conclusion: Thus cytoarchitectural studies signify that long term of CDDP intervention at 0.4 mg/kg/day/animal caused least damage to liver.

Primary CNS Lymphoma (PCNSL) is a rare form of extranodal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. It has a varied presentation and cytomorphology. We diagnosed a case of PCNSL in a 52-year old male in intra-operative squash cytosmear differentiating from other lesions. In cytosmear even gradient of cellular density, monomorphic tumour cells with lack of cellular cohesion on a background showing good no. of tingible body macrophages and lymphoglandular bodies were the characteristic features. Histomorphology showed the features of diffuse large cell lymphoma and was immunohistochemically confirmed as B-cell type (DLBCL).

Spermatogenesis is supported by a certain type of stem cell known as spermatogonial stem cell (SSC), which transforms information to the next generation. There is currently a wide acceptance of the great potential applications of SSCs for infertility treatment and production of transgenic farm animals. However, rodents are the only thoroughly studied mammals with respect to SSCs due to presence of specific antibodies for SSC markers such as PLZF and THY1 or germ cell marker such as VASA. However, limited information is available about the specific markers of SSCs in farm animals. Moreover, while it is generally believed that stem cell markers are mainly conserved among mammalian species, it is not clear if SSC markers have also remained conserved during species evolution. Through comparative immunohistochemical analysis of testis tissue of sheep, and goats with mice, rats and cattle, for which the original antibodies were rose, this study suggests that, despite the long evolutionary distance which exists between rodents and farm animals, germ cells and SSC markers may have remained conserved between these species. In addition, the results of this study suggest that these antibodies can be used to isolate, propagate and further explore SSCs in goat or sheep and possibly other species.