जर्नल ऑफ़ साइटोलॉजी एंड हिस्टोलॉजी

Carcinoma uterine cervix is one of the leading causes of cancer death among women worldwide. To detect this widely prevalent cancer at an early stage, the simplest test has been a pap smear. Reporting of pap smears is done by using The Bethesda System 2001 prior to which many classification systems were developed [1,2,3,4]. To check the sensitivity and specificity of Bethesda system, the cytological findings have to be correlated with histology considering histopathology as gold standard. In our study, we have correlated cytological findings (pap smears) with corresponding histology after follow up of the symptomatic patients in the age range of 20 to 80 years. The main objectives were to study usefulness of cytology in detecting various preneoplastic and neoplastic lesions of cervix, to evaluate and to interpret the cases of epithelial lesions according to The Bethesda 2001 classification system [5] and correlation of cytological findings with follow-up histology sections. Analysis of different factors causing discrepancies was done. Aims: The study was conducted to study usefulness of cervical cytology by PAP smear and the application of the Bethesda 2001 system in classifying different preneoplastic and neoplastic lesions of cervix. Setting and design: With the use of PAP test and applying the BETHESDA 2001 classification 5, in the present study we have examined cervical smears of symptomatic patients in the age group ranging from 25 to 70 years. Inflammatory & unsatisfactory smears were excluded. The remaining cases showing epithelial abnormalities were followed up and biopsy slides were studied. Cytohistological correlation was done in those cases and results were obtained.

This current study aimed at evaluating the toxic effect of nicotine and the possible protective role of green tea extract on some organs of Swiss albino mice by using histological, histomorphometerical a nd cytogenetical studies. Male Swiss albino mice were divided into four groups. The first group served as control and was injected intrapertoneally (i.p.) with distilled water (1ml DW/daily). The second group was injected with green tea extract (40 mg/ kg.b.w./i.p./ daily), animals of the third group were injected with nicotine (2.5 mg/kg.b.w./i.p. daily) and those of the fourth group were injected with nicotine (2.5 mg/kg.b.w./i.p/daily) and green tea extract (40 mg/ kg.b.w./i.p./daily). The experimental period was four successive weeks. Nicotine treatment induced histological changes in both the lung and testicular tissue as revealed by light microscope. It also induced histomorphological changes in the lung represent by significant decrease in elastic fibers and in the testicular tissue, a significant decrease in the number of Leydig cells. These changes were obtained by the computer image analyser. Combine administration of nicotine with green tea extract resulted in marked ameliorations of the testicular changes using histological and histomorphological observations. The combine administration of nicotine with green tea extract caused also an improvement in the ratio of PCEs/NCEs and a significant decrease in the increase of the MnPCEs numbers induced by nicotine treatment alone. In conclusions, the administration of green tea extract might suppress the cytotoxicity and mutagenic activity of nicotine. We suggest that green tea extract may be useful in combating tissue injury and genotocity caused by nicotine toxicity.

Background: Familial renal glucosuria (FRG) is a rare renal tubular disorder which has recently been shown to result from mutations in SLC5A2 gene, encoding the kidney-specific low-affinity/high-capacity Na+/glucose cotransporter protein, SGLT2. The vast majority of FRG cases were shown with the confirmation of SLC5A2 mutations with larger numbers of samples from various groups. Here we present a Turkish family of mild glucosuria, with nonsense p.C522X mutation in SLC5A2 gene. Methods: DNA Sequencing analysis was performed for all the affected probands and the unaffected individuals. Results: Except for the father, the children and the mother were found out to have p.C522X mutation in SLC5A2 gene together with the divergent clinical implications. Conclusions: Rather it was found to be a sample of recessive or dominant type of renal glucosuria, the case indicated here was suggested as a model for autosomal co-dominant trait with complete penetrance and variable expressivity.