German Taveira*
In order to attain conservation goals and because biological communities sustain services that humans depend on, effective planning for biodiversity in cities and towns is becoming more and more crucial as urban areas and their human populations expand. Landscape ecology has contributed significantly to the development of a significant and growing body of knowledge about urban landscapes and communities. It offers important frameworks for understanding and conserving urban biodiversity both within cities and when taking entire cities into account in their regional context. Although they are crucial factors in understanding and planning for biotic assemblages at the scale of entire cities, general city characteristics such as size, overall amount of green space, age, and regional context have received relatively little research attention. There are more studies on biodiversity in cities.
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