Anthony M. Kyriakopoulos, Peter A. McCullough, Greg Nigh and Stephanie Seneff*
Background: The integration of genetic code from RNA viruses into host DNA, once thought to be a rare or even impossible phenomenon, is now recognized as probable. The Long Interspersed Nuclear Element (LINE)-1 mediated mechanism of insertion implies that many viral RNAs (apart from retroviral) can be reverse transcribed and then stably incorporated into DNA. Recombination between exogenous non-retroviral RNA and endogenous retroviral sequences that leads to reverse transcription and finally integration of the resulting cDNA into the host genome has been described.
Recent data demonstrate that SARS-CoV-2 RNA sequences can be transcribed into DNA and may be actively integrated into the genome of affected human cells, mediated by retrotransposons. In some SARS-CoV-2 infected patient specimens, there is evidence for a large fraction SARS-CoV-2 sequence integration and subsequent generation of SARS-CoV-2 human chimeric transcripts.
Results: In this review, the potential role of mobile genetic elements in the etiopathogenesis of neurological, cardiovascular, immunological, and oncological disease and the possibilities of human DNA interference by SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination are explored. Vulnerable germ line cells, cancer cells, and neurons can presumably all be targets for anomalous mRNA integration, especially in aging cells that show increased LINE-1 activity compared to younger cells.
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