Noha Dong*
Fuel cells have emerged as a promising technology for clean energy production, converting chemical energy directly into electrical energy with high efficiency and low environmental impact. Among various types of fuel cells, polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells have garnered significant attention due to their high power density, operational efficiency, and suitability for a wide range of applications, from portable electronics to transportation and stationary power generation. Central to the performance of PEMFCs is the membrane, which conducts protons while acting as a barrier to electrons and reactant gases.
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