Lizunnik Stolley*
Influenza remains a significant public health concern worldwide, with annual epidemics causing substantial morbidity and mortality, especially among vulnerable populations. Vaccination against influenza is widely recommended as a primary preventive measure. This review examines recent evidence on the effectiveness and safety of influenza vaccines, focusing on their impact on reducing influenza-related complications and hospitalizations. Additionally, the review discusses vaccine efficacy across different age groups and high-risk populations, highlighting the importance of annual vaccination campaigns. Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) and End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) requiring dialysis are significant health challenges globally, particularly among hypertensive patients. This systematic review and meta-analysis examine the association between hypertension and the risk of developing CKD or progressing to ESRD. A comprehensive search of major databases identified studies reporting on the incidence or progression of CKD among hypertensive individuals. Pooled estimates from eligible studies provide insights into the magnitude of risk attributed to hypertension, considering various demographic and clinical factors.
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