Bilexi Higmanu*
Cytogenetics is a field of biology that studies chromosomes, their structure, and their functions. Chromosomes are the structures within cells that carry genetic information in the form of DNA. Cytogenetics is a fundamental field of research in genetics and plays an essential role in understanding many genetic disorders and the mechanisms of inheritance. In this essay, we will explore the history of cytogenetics, its applications, and its future potential. The history of cytogenetics dates back to the late 19th century when scientists began to study the structure of chromosomes. In 1882, Walther Flemming, a German anatomist, first described the process of mitosis, which involves the division of a cell's nucleus into two identical daughter nuclei. He observed that during mitosis, the chromosomes became visible under a microscope, and he named these structures chromosomes.
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